What's changed: Created Cloud Digital Leader Chapter 4 (Domain 4 "Modernization": migration and computing = approaches (lift-and-shift/move-and-improve/rebuild)/Compute Engine/Spot VM; serverless, containers, APIs, hybrid = GKE/Cloud Run/Cloud Functions/App Engine/Apigee/GKE Enterprise (Anthos)).
4.1Cloud migration and computing
Understand the main cloud migration approaches (lift-and-shift, move-and-improve, rebuild) and their trade-offs, the motivations for migration, and the basics of cloud computing starting with Compute Engine, which provides virtual machines.
Modernizing—moving existing systems to the cloud—aims at cost reduction, agility, scalability, and lower operational burden. You need not rebuild everything at once; the practical approach is to choose a migration approach based on each system’s importance, time, and budget.
4.1.1Common migration approaches
| Approach | What it is | Trade-off |
|---|---|---|
| Lift-and-shift (rehost) | Move almost as-is to VMs | Fast but underuses cloud benefits |
| Move-and-improve (replatform) | Move while optimizing parts to managed services | Balanced |
| Rebuild/refactor | Rebuild cloud-native | High payoff but more effort/time |
Lift-and-shift moves existing systems almost as-is to VMs (Compute Engine), which is fast but underuses cloud benefits like autoscaling. Move-and-improve replaces some parts with managed services while migrating—a balanced approach. Rebuild re-architects cloud-native (containers, serverless) for maximum payoff but more time and effort. A staged path—"move quickly first, improve later"—is also common.
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