What's changed: Created Professional Cloud DevOps Engineer Chapter 4 (Domain 4 "Observability": Ops Agent/OpenTelemetry/Managed Service for Prometheus/Cloud Audit Logs/VPC Flow Logs, log optimization, synthetic monitors, log-based metrics, Logs Explorer, BigQuery/Pub/Sub/Cloud Storage export, PII/PHI redaction; Metrics Explorer/PromQL dashboards/alerting policies/PagerDuty, distributed tracing Cloud Trace/OpenTelemetry, trace-log correlation, troubleshooting).
4.1Instrumenting telemetry and managing logs
Understand collecting logs/metrics (Ops Agent, OpenTelemetry, Cloud Audit Logs, VPC Flow Logs, Google Cloud Managed Service for Prometheus), log optimization (filter/sampling/exclusions/cost), synthetic monitors, custom/log-based metrics, the Logs Explorer and query language, log export/retention (BigQuery/Pub/Sub/Cloud Storage), and redacting PII/PHI.
Observability means making a system’s internal state observable from outside. Instrument and collect the three pillars (logs, metrics, traces); start by laying the foundation for logs and metrics.
4.1.1Collecting telemetry and synthetic monitors
Collect VM logs/metrics with the Ops Agent and use OpenTelemetry for vendor-neutral instrumentation. Gather Prometheus-format metrics in a managed way via Google Cloud Managed Service for Prometheus. Audit via Cloud Audit Logs; network via VPC Flow Logs. Optimize logs with filtering/sampling/exclusions to control cost. Create app-specific signals as custom metrics or log-based metrics, and probe endpoints actively with synthetic monitors. Map "collect from VMs = Ops Agent" and "managed Prometheus = Managed Service for Prometheus."
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