3Database & network

• 3.1Information Design and Multimedia (UX/UI, Universal Design, Accessibility, Compression, Encoding, VR/AR)

  Learn the distinction between UX, which designs the overall experience, and UI, which designs the operable screen; universal design, aiming for usability by everyone, versus accessibility, the reachability of information; lossless compression, which fully restores data, versus lossy compression (JPEG, MPEG), which discards imperceptible information; sampling, quantization, and encoding for digitizing analog information; and VR, which immerses users in a virtual space, versus AR, which overlays information onto reality — with the deeper judgment criteria expected at the Applied Information Technology Engineer level.

• 3.2Database Design and Normalization (Relational Model, E-R Diagrams, Normalization (1NF-3NF), Primary/Foreign Keys, Referential Constraints)

  Learn to capture data as entities and relationships via E-R diagrams (entity-relationship diagrams), data modeling to translate business requirements into a data model, normalization to eliminate redundancy and update anomalies (first, second, and third normal form, and judging functional dependency at each stage), the primary key that uniquely identifies a row, and the foreign key and referential constraint (referential integrity) that reference another table — including the procedure for deriving a schema from an E-R diagram, at Applied Information Technology Engineer depth.

• 3.3SQL and Transactions (SELECT/JOIN/Subqueries/GROUP BY, Views/Indexes, ACID, Concurrency Control, Failure Recovery, Distributed DB/NoSQL)

  Learn SQL for manipulating tables (SELECT, JOIN, subqueries, GROUP BY, aggregate functions); the view, a virtual table, and the index, which speeds up searches; the ACID properties of a transaction, a unit of multiple operations; concurrency control (locking, two-phase locking, deadlock) and isolation levels that prevent interference between transactions; log-based failure recovery (rollback, roll-forward); and distributed databases, replication, and NoSQL for spreading data across multiple sites — at Applied Information Technology Engineer depth.

• 3.4Networking (OSI/TCP-IP, IP Addressing/Subnet Calculation/CIDR, Routing, DNS/DHCP, Transmission-Time Calculations, Wireless LAN, SDN/QoS)

  Learn the OSI basic reference model, which layers communication conceptually, and the practical standard TCP/IP; the structure of an IP address and calculating network splits using a subnet mask and CIDR notation; routing, which selects a path; DNS for name resolution and DHCP for automatic IP assignment; protocols such as HTTP/HTTPS, SMTP, POP, and IMAP; calculating transmission time from a line's bit rate (bps); wireless LAN standards and encryption; and SDN and QoS — with an emphasis on calculation problems, at Applied Information Technology Engineer depth.